Gateway on Pesticide Hazards and Safe Pest Management

Updates from the Daily News Blog

Pesticide Pollution Continues Unabated, According to New Data
June 4, 2021

Pesticide Pollution in Recreational Lakes Documented
April 16, 2021

"No Pollinator is Safe" — New Evidence of Neonicotinoids Harming Wild, Ground Nesting Bees
April 13, 2021

Minnesota Deer Threatened by Ubiquitous Neonicotinoid Contamination, According to Study
March 10, 2021

Tell EPA to Stop the Sale of Seresto Flea Collars Documented to Kill 1,700 Dogs and Cats; Harmful to Children
March 8, 2021

Despite 1,700 Dog and Cat Deaths from Flea Collars, EPA Silent; Children at Risk
March 5, 2021

Solitary Wild Bees Harmed by Neonicotinoid Pesticides Applied by Soil Drenching
March 2, 2021

Hummingbirds Harmed by Pesticides Killing Off Bees, Butterflies, and Other Pollinators
February 23, 2021

Court Settlement Requires EPA to Review How Bee-Killing Pesticide Harms Endangered Species
February 2, 2021

Flea Treatment Pesticides Found to Contaminate Waterways
November 20, 2020

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Imidacloprid

General Information

• Fact Sheet: Imidacloprid.pdf
• Product Names:

  Advanced Garden Tree & Shrub Insect Control Concentrate (Bayer)
  Grubex Season Long Grub Control (Scotts)
  K9 Advantix 10 (Bayer), formulated with permethrin
  Quickbayt Fly Bait (Bayer)
  Quickbayt Disposable Fly Bait Strip (Bayer)

• Chemical Class: Chloro-nicotinyl insecticide
• Uses: Agriculture, lawns and landscapes, pet pests, gardening
• Alternatives: Organic agriculture, organic lawn care
• Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic

Health and Environmental Effects

• Cancer: Possible (153, 181)
• Endocrine Disruption: Likely (151, 152)
• Reproductive Effects: Yes (6, 151, 152)
• Neurotoxicity: Possible (154)
• Kidney/Liver Damage: Possible (155, 156)
• Sensitizer/ Irritant: Not documented
• Birth/Developmental: Likely (154)
• Detected in Groundwater: Not documented
• Potential Leacher: Yes (6)
• Toxic to Birds: Yes (4)
• Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes (4)
• Toxic to Bees: Yes (4)

Residential Uses as Found in the ManageSafe™ Database

• Dandelions
• Tree-boring Caterpillars
• Fleas
• Grubs
• Termites
• Ants
• Chinch Bugs
• Cockroaches
• Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
• Bed Bugs
• Emerald Ash Borer
• Clover
• Thrips
• Whiteflies
• Aphids
• Fire Ants

Additional Information

• Regulatory Status:
  • Beyond Pesticides' Preliminary Neonicotioid Ecological Assessments (non-pollinator) comments (04/2018)
  • Imidacloprid Registration Review (04/2018)
  • Beyond Pesticides' EPA Draft Human Health Risk Assessment comments (11/2017)
  • Beyond Pesticides' Aquatic Ecological Assessment comments (07/2017)
  • EPA Actions on Pollinators (01/2017)
• Supporting information:
  • EFSA risk assessments of three neonicotinoids – clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam
  • PMRA. 2016. Proposed Re-evaluation Decision PRVD2016-20, Imidacloprid. Health Canada. Ottawa, Ontario.
  • EU Commission: Neonicotinoids
  • EFSA consultation for thiamethoxam (2016)
  • Poisoned Waterways (Beyond Pesticides, 2017)
  • Net Loss—Economic Efficacy And Costs Of Neonicotinoid Insecticides Used As Seed Coatings: Updates From The United States And Europe (Center for Food Safety, 2016)
  • Heavy Costs: Weighing the Value of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Agriculture (Center for Food Safety, 2014)
  • The Xerces Society - Neonicotinoids and Bees
  • NCAP Imidacloprid Factsheet (Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides)
  • PAN Pesticides Database:Imidacloprid (Pesticide Action Network)
  • NPIC Imidacloprid Factsheet (National Pesticide Information Center)
  • PAN UK Imidacloprid Factsheet (Pesticide Action Network UK)
• Studies:
  • Imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos insecticides impair migratory ability in a seed-eating songbird. Eng, M, Stutchbury, BJM, Morrissey, C. 2017. Scientific Reports7: 15176. DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-15446-x
  • Effects of neonicotinoid pesticide exposure on human health: a systematic review. Cimino AM, Boyles AL, Thayer KA, Perry MJ. 2017. Environ Health Perspect. 125:155–162 
  • Neonicotinoid Insecticides Alter the Gene Expression Profile of Neuron-Enriched Cultures from Neonatal Rat Cerebellum. Kimura-Kuroda, J, Nishito, Y, Yanagisawa, H et al. 2016. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 13(10): 987.
  • First national-scale reconnaissance of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams across the U.S.A. Hladik, M.L. and Kolpin, D.W., 2016. Environ. Chem., v. 13, pp. 12-20.
  • Neonicotinoid contamination of global surface waters and associated risk to aquatic invertebrates: A review. Morrissey, C. A., Mineau, P, Devries, J, et al. 2015. Environment International. 74 (2015) 291–303.
  • Assessing Field‐Scale Risks of Foliar Insecticide Applications to Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus) Larvae. Krishnan, N., Zhang, Y., Bidne, K.G., Hellmich, R.L., Coats, J.R. and Bradbury, S.P., 2020. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 39(4), pp.923-941.
  • Autism spectrum disorder, flea and tick medication, and adjustments for exposure misclassification: the CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) case-control study.. Keil AP, Daniels JL, Hertz-Picciotto I. 2014. Environ Health. 13(1):3.
  • Early-life chemical exposures and risk of metabolic syndrome.. De Long NE, Holloway AC. 2017. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 10:101-109.
  • Imidacloprid Promotes High Fat Diet-Induced Adiposity in Female C57BL/6J Mice and Enhances Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via the AMPKα-Mediated Pathway.. Sun Q, Qi W, Xiao X, Yang SH, et al. 2017. J Agric Food Chem. 65(31):6572-6581