Gateway on Pesticide Hazards and Safe Pest Management
How To Find Ingredients in Pesticide Products
Beyond Pesticides offers resources below to evaluate the health and ecological effects of specific chemical exposure from ACTIVE INGREDIENTS in pesticide products, as well as regulatory information and supporting scientific documents. Because various pesticide products can contain more than one active ingredient, it is important to READ the LABEL to determine chemical components.
With 192 different active ingredients and counting, it is essential to establish the connection between the use of these chemicals and their respective hazards.
View the step-by-step guide on how to search for the active ingredient(s) in pesticide products below:
- Go to U.S. EPA's Pesticide Product and Label System and enter the product name. The generic product name may vary.
- After searching, click on the chemical ingredients tab or the link for the most recent label to find Active Ingredients.
Chemical List Label List
If one selects the chemical ingredients tab, skip to Step 4 . If not, proceed to step number 3 - To find the active ingredient(s) on the label, search for the page in the document containing the date of registration. Usually, the active ingredients section occurs within the first few pages of the label document.
- Return to the Beyond Pesticides Gateway and search for the active ingredient name in the yellow box to the right or from the list below.
Penoxsulam
General Information
- Product Names:
- Uses: Aquatic Vegetation
Health and Environmental Effects
- Cancer: Yes (8)
- Endocrine Disruption: Not documented
- Reproductive Effects: Not documented
- Neurotoxicity: Not documented
- Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes (8)
- Sensitizer/ Irritant: Not documented
- Birth/Developmental: Not documented
- Detected in Groundwater: Yes (241)
- Potential Leacher: Not documented
- Toxic to Birds: Not documented
- Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes (241)
- Toxic to Bees: Not documented
Additional Information
- Regulatory Status:
- Supporting information:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Database
- PAN Pesticides Database:Penoxsulam (Pesticide Action Network)
- Studies:
- Enhanced Herbicide Metabolism and Target Site Mutation Enabled the Multiple Resistance to Cyhalofop-butyl, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl, and Penoxsulam in Echinochloa crus-galli. Yu, X. et al. (2024) Enhanced Herbicide Metabolism and Target Site Mutation Enabled the Multiple Resistance to Cyhalofop-butyl, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl, and Penoxsulam in Echinochloa crus-galli, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Available at: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02450.
- The non-target site resistance mechanism to Penoxsulam in Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis. Lyu, Q., Jiang, B., He, P. et al. The non-target site resistance mechanism to Penoxsulam in Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis. Plant Soil (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06716-5
- Biochemical and Histological Evaluation of Penoxsulam Herbicide on an Animal Model. Chaurasia, V., Aggarwal, M. and Garg, M. (2022) Biochemical and Histological Evaluation of Penoxsulam Herbicide on an Animal Model, Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358594997_Biochemical_and_Histological_Evaluation_of_Penoxsulam_Herbicide_on_an_Animal_Model.
- Acute Renal Failure following Penoxsulam poisoning. Karunatilake, H. (2011). Acute Renal Failure following Penoxsulam poisoning. Clinical Toxicology, 50(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2011.633492
- Toxic Effects of Penoxsulam Herbicide in Two Fish Species Reared in Southern Brazil. Murussi, C.R., Thorstenberg, M.L., Leitemperger, J. et al. Toxic Effects of Penoxsulam Herbicide in Two Fish Species Reared in Southern Brazil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 92, 81–84 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1137-x