Gateway on Pesticide Hazards and Safe Pest Management

Updates from the Daily News Blog

2,4-D

General Information

Fact Sheet: 2-4-D.pdf
Product Names:
Crossbow (Dow), formulated with Triclopyr, Petroleum distillates
GlyMIX MT (Dow), formulated with Glyphosate
Grazon P+D (Dow)
Pathway (Dow)
Aqua-Kleen (Nufarm America)
Barrage (Helena Chemical)
Malerbane (Aventis)
Weedone (Nufarm America)
Weedtrine- II (Nufarm America)
Chemical Class: Phenoxy herbicide
Uses: Registered for field, fruit, and vegetable crops, turf, lawns, rights-of-way, aquatic sites, forestry applications, post-emergence broadleaf weeds, plant growth regulator in citrus
Alternatives: Organic agriculture, Organic Lawn care
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic

Health and Environmental Effects

Cancer: Yes (4)
Endocrine Disruption: Probable (5)
Reproductive Effects: Yes (6)
Neurotoxicity: Yes (7)
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes (7)
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (4)
Birth/Developmental: Yes (4)
Detected in Groundwater: Yes (4)
Potential Leacher: Yes (7)
Toxic to Birds: Yes (4)
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes (8)
Toxic to Bees: Yes (4)

Residential Uses as Found in the ManageSafe™ Database

Additional Information

Regulatory Status:
- Beyond Pesticides' comments on Preliminary Ecological Risk Assessment for Registration review (7/2017)
- EPA Registration Review (2017)
- Beyond Pestides' comments on registration of Enlist Duo (12/2016)
- Registration of Enlist Duo (2014)
- EPA Reregistration Eligibility Document (RED) signed (6/2005)
- Beyond Pesticides' RED comments (8/2004)
Supporting information:
- Daily News Blog entries (Beyond Pesticides)
- Asthma, Children and Pesticides (Beyond Pesticides)
- Children & Lawn Chemicals Don't Mix (Beyond Pesticides)
- The Safer Choice (Beyond Pesticides)
- NCAP 2,4-D Factsheet (Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides)
- PAN Pesticides Database: 2,4-D (Pesticide Action Network)
Studies:
- IARC Monographs evaluate DDT, lindane, and 2,4-D. (2015)
- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-resistant crops and the potential for evolution of 2,4-D-resistant weeds. Egan JF, Maxwell BD, Mortensen DA, et al. 2011. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 108(11): E37.
- Cancer and pesticides: an overview and some results of the Italian multicenter case-control study on hematolymphopoietic malignancies
  Miligi, L., et al. 2006. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
- Breast cancer risk in Hispanic agricultural workers in California
  Mills, P.K. and Yang, R. 2005. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.
- Lymphohematopoietic cancers in the United Farm Workers of America (UFW), 1988-2001. Mills PK, Yang R, Riordan D. 2005. Cancer Causes Control.
- Herbicide exposure and the risk of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Scottish terriers, Glickman, et. al. 2004. Journal of the American Medical Association.
- Biomarker correlations of urinary 2,4-D levels in foresters: genomic instability and encodrine disruption. Garry, V.F., et al. 2001. Environ Health Pers.
- A Case–Control Study of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Exposure to Pesticides Journal of the American Cancer Society, 1999.
- Pesticides in Household Dust and Soil: Exposure Pathways for Children of Agricultural Families, Simcox, et. al. 1995.Environmental Health Perspectives.
- Pesticides and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Zahm SH and Blair A. 1992. Cancer Res.