Gateway test
MCPA
General Information
- Product Names:
- Chemical Class: Phenoxy herbicide
- Uses: Alfalfa, barley, clover, flax, lespedeza, oats, grass, peas, rice, rye, sorghum, trefoil, triticale, and wheat, as well as grass grown for seed, to control a wide spectrum of broadleaf weeds. registered for use on residential lawns, sod farm turf, golf courses, rights-of-way, pasture, and rangeland.
- Alternatives: Agriculture/pasture, lawns, rights-of-way
- Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
- Cancer: Not documented
- Endocrine Disruption: Not documented
- Reproductive Effects: Yes (1)
- Neurotoxicity: Yes (2)
- Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes (1)
- Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (2)
- Birth/Developmental: Not documented
- Detected in Groundwater: Yes (3)
- Potential Leacher: Yes (1)
- Toxic to Birds: Yes (2)
- Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Not documented
- Toxic to Bees: Yes (4)
Residential Uses as Found in the ManageSafe™ Database
Additional Information
- Regulatory Status:
- Supporting information:
- Extoxnet MCPA Factsheet (Extension Toxicology Network, 1996)
- World Health Organization (WHO) Chemical fact sheets: MCPA (2022)
- PAN Pesticides Database: MCPA (Pesticide Action Network)
- Studies [compiled from the Pesticide-Induced Diseases Database]
- A Case–Control Study of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Exposure to Pesticides Journal of the American Cancer Society, 1999.
- Birth Malformations and Other Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Four U.S. Wheat-Producing States.. Schreinemachers, D. 2003. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9).
- Exposure to pesticides as risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hairy cell leukemia: pooled analysis of two Swedish case-control studies.. Hardell, L., et al. 2002. Leuk Lymphoma 43(5):1043-1049
- Kidney biomarkers in MCPA-induced acute kidney injury in rats: Reduced clearance enhances early biomarker performance. Wunnapuk, K. (2014) Kidney biomarkers in MCPA-induced acute kidney injury in rats: Reduced clearance enhances early biomarker performance, Toxicology Letters. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378427414000290.
- Short-term oral and dermal toxicity of MCPA and MCPP. Verschuuren, H. et al. (1975) Short-term oral and dermal toxicity of MCPA and MCPP, Toxicology. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0300483X75900360.
- Proximity to residential and workplace pesticides application and the risk of progression of Parkinson's diseases in Central California. Li, S. et al. (2022) Proximity to residential and workplace pesticides application and the risk of progression of parkinson’s diseases in Central California, Science of The Total Environment. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722079542.
- A review of the pesticide MCPA in the land-water environment and emerging research needs. Morton, P. et al. (2020) A review of the pesticide MCPA in the land‐water environment and emerging research needs, WIREs Water. Available at: https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wat2.1402.
- Estimating the aquatic risk from exposure to up to twenty-two pesticide active ingredients in waterways discharging to the Great Barrier Reef. Warne, M. et al. (2023) Estimating the aquatic risk from exposure to up to twenty-two pesticide active ingredients in waterways discharging to the Great Barrier Reef, Science of The Total Environment. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969723032552.
- Toxicological assessment of bromoxynil and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide in combination on Cirrhinus mrigala using multiple biomarker approach. Afzal, F., Ghaffar, A., Jamil, H., Abbas, G., Tahir, R., & Ataya, F. S. (2024). Toxicological assessment of bromoxynil and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide in combination on Cirrhinus mrigala using multiple biomarker approach. The Science of the total environment, 926, 172019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172019
- Broad-scale pesticide screening finds anticoagulant rodenticide and legacy pesticides in Australian frogs. Rowley, J. et al. (2024) Broad-scale pesticide screening finds anticoagulant rodenticide and legacy pesticides in Australian frogs, Science of The Total Environment. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972402672X.
Gateway Health and Environmental Effects Citations
1. Extension Toxicology Network (EXTOXNET) Pesticide Information Profiles. http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/ghindex.html
2. US EPA, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs), Interim REDS (iREDs) and RED Factsheets. https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/html/status.html.
3. National Library of Medicine. PubChem Hazardous Substances Database. PubChem (nih.gov)
4. Briggs, S.A. 1992. Basic Guide to Pesticides: Their Characteristics and Hazards. Washington, DC: The Rachel Carson Council, 98. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19932334845








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