.png)
Gateway test
Benalaxyl
General Information
- Product Names:
- Chemical Class: Xylylalanine
- Uses: Not U.S. EPA Registered: A systemic fungicide used for the control of Oomycetes, particularly fungi of the family Peronosporaceae, Phythophthora plasmopara, and Pythium spp. Benalaxyl acts by inhibiting RNA polymerization (polymerase complex I).
- Alternatives: Organic agriculture
- Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
- Cancer: Insufficiently Studied
- Endocrine Disruption: Suggestive (1)
- Reproductive Effects: Possible (2, 3)
- Neurotoxicity: Possible (4)
- Kidney/Liver Damage: Possible (3)
- Sensitizer/ Irritant: Not Likely
- Birth/Developmental: Insufficiently Studied
- Detected in Groundwater: Yes (5)
- Potential Leacher: Low to Moderate (3, 5)
- Toxic to Birds: Low (3)
- Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Moderate (3)
- Toxic to Bees: Moderate (3)
Additional Information
- Studies [compiled from the Pesticide-Induced Diseases Database]
- The potential endocrine disruption of pesticide transformation products (TPs): The blind spot of pesticide risk assessment. Ji, C., Song, Q., Chen, Y., Zhou, Z., Wang, P., Liu, J., Sun, Z., & Zhao, M. (2020). The potential endocrine disruption of pesticide transformation products (TPs): The blind spot of pesticide risk assessment. Environment international, 137, 105490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105490
Gateway Health and Environmental Effects Citations
1. Ji, C., Song, Q., Chen, Y., Zhou, Z., Wang, P., Liu, J., Sun, Z. and Zhao, M., 2020. The potential endocrine disruption of pesticide transformation products (TPs): The blind spot of pesticide risk assessment. Environment international, 137, p.105490. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412019332647?via%3Dihub#s0120
2. Al-Sarar, A.S., Bayoumi, A.E., Abobakr, Y. and Hussein, H.I., 2014. Cytotoxicity of benalaxyl, metalaxyl, and triadimefon on Chinese hamster ovary cells. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 96(10), pp.1546-1556. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02772248.2015.1023306
3. The University of Hertfordshire. 2021. Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB): Benalaxyl. https://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/Reports/59.htm
4. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Anastassiadou, M., Arena, M., Auteri, D., Brancato, A., Bura, L., Carrasco Cabrera, L., Chaideftou, E., Chiusolo, A., Court Marques, D. and Crivellente, F., 2020. Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance benalaxyl. EFSA Journal, 18(1), p.e05985. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5985
5. Kovacevik, B., Zdravkovski, Z., Mitrev, S. and Markova Ruzdik, N., 2021. Improving Quantitative Analysis of GC-MS for Tracking Potential Contaminants in Groundwater. Contaminant Levels and Ecological Effects: Understanding and Predicting with Chemometric Methods, pp.213-237. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Contaminant_Levels_and_Ecological_Effect/IdAiEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=benalaxyl+groundwater&pg=PA213&printsec=frontcover