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Gateway test
Pronamide/propyzamide
General Information
- Product Names:
- Chemical Class: Herbicide
- Uses: Control of grasses and broadleaf weeds in food and feed crops including lettuce (the largest use site), endive, alfalfa, rhubarb, pome and stone fruits, artichokes, berries, grapes and legumes, as well as on woody ornamentals, Christmas trees, nursery stock, lawns, turf and fallow land.
- Alternatives: Organic agriculture, Organic lawn care, Organic Christmas trees
- Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
- Cancer: Probable (1)
- Endocrine Disruption: Yes (2, 3)
- Reproductive Effects: Not documented
- Neurotoxicity: Not documented
- Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes (4)
- Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (3)
- Birth/Developmental: Not documented
- Detected in Groundwater: Yes (5)
- Potential Leacher: Yes (2)
- Toxic to Birds: Not documented
- Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes (2)
- Toxic to Bees: Not documented
Additional Information
- Regulatory Status:
- Supporting information:
- Extoxnet Pronamide Factsheet (Extension Toxicology Network)
- PAN Pesticides Database:Pronamide (Pesticide Action Network)
- Scorecard Pronamide Factsheet (The Pollution Information Site)
- Studies [compiled from the Pesticide-Induced Diseases Database]
- Organic farming reduces pesticide load in a bird of prey. Fuentes, E. et al. (2024) Organic farming reduces pesticide load in a bird of prey, Science of The Total Environment. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969724029255.
Gateway Health and Environmental Effects Citations
1. EPA weight-of-evidence category, "Group B2 – Probable Human Carcinogen." US EPA, 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential. May 10, 2005. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/carlist/
2. US EPA, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs), Interim REDS (iREDs) and RED Factsheets. https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/html/status.html.
3. Extension Toxicology Network (EXTOXNET) Pesticide Information Profiles. http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/ghindex.html
4. US EPA, 2000. Table 1: Toxicity Data by Category for Chemicals Listed under EPCRA Section 313. Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Program. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/hazard_categories.pdf
5. Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR), Endosulfan- Risk Characterization Document. California Environmental Protection Agency, 2007. https://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/pubs/tac/tacpdfs/endosulfan/endosulfan_sum.pdf.