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Updates from the Daily News Blog

Vineyard Pesticides Linked to Parkinson's
June 30, 2021

Apple Scab Fungus More Resistant to Pesticides
August 24, 2011

Pesticide Exposure Near Workplace Linked to Parkinson's Disease Risk
May 31, 2011

New Study Links Fungicides to Parkinson’s Disease
December 1, 2008

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Ziram

General Information

• Product Names:

  Vancide R.T. (Vanderbilt)
  Niagara (FMC)
  Prokil (Gowan) 
  Repel #2 Wild Animal Repellent (Chacon Chemical)
  Rabbit Scat (Bonide Products), formulated with Paradichlorobenzene, Alkyl pyridines, Thiram

• Chemical Class: Dithiocarbamate fungicide
• Uses: Control of fungal diseases on crops including stone fruits, pome fruits, nut crops, vegetables and commercially grown ornamentals; rabbit repellent for ornamentals; and an additive in industrial adhesives, caulking, and latex paints
• Alternatives: Organic agriculture, organic lanwn care
• Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic

Health and Environmental Effects

• Cancer: Likely (1)
• Endocrine Disruption: Yes (2)
• Reproductive Effects: Not documented
• Neurotoxicity: Yes (3)
• Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes (4)
• Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (5)
• Birth/Developmental: Not documented
• Detected in Groundwater: Not documented
• Potential Leacher: Yes (4)
• Toxic to Birds: Yes (6)
• Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes (6, 7)
• Toxic to Bees: Not documented

Additional Information

• Regulatory Status:
  • EPA Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) signed (9/2003)
• Supporting information:
  • Extoxnet Ziram Factsheet (Extension Toxicology Network)
  • PAN Pesticides Database:Ziram (Pesticide Action Network)
  • Scorecard Ziram Factsheet (The Pollution Information Site)
• Studies [compiled from the Pesticide-Induced Diseases Database]
  • Aldehyde dehydrogenase variation enhances effect of pesticides associated with Parkinson disease.. Fitzmaurice AG, Rhodes SL, et al. 2014. Neurology.82(5):419-26.
  • Combined exposure to low doses of pesticides causes decreased birth weights in rats. Hass U, Christiansen S, Axelstad M, Scholze M, Boberg J. 2017. Reprod Toxicol. 72:97-105
  • Pesticides expenditures by farming type and incidence of Parkinson disease in farmers: A French nationwide study. Perrin, L., Spinosi, J., Chaperon, L., Kab, S., Moisan, F. and Ebaz, A. Environmental Research, 197, p.111161.
  • Pesticide exposure and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Zago, A. M., Faria, N. M. X., Fávero, J. L., Meucci, R. D., Woskie, S., & Fassa, A. G. (2022). Pesticide exposure and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Global public health, 17(12), 3944–3966. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2020.1808693
  • Metabolic Effects of a Chronic Dietary Exposure to a Low-Dose Pesticide Cocktail in Mice: Sexual Dimorphism and Role of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor. Lukowicz, C., Ellero-Simatos, S., Régnier, M., Polizzi, A., Lasserre, F., Montagner, A., Lippi, Y., Jamin, E. L., Martin, J. F., Naylies, C., Canlet, C., Debrauwer, L., Bertrand-Michel, J., Al Saati, T., Théodorou, V., Loiseau, N., Mselli-Lakhal, L., Guillou, H., & Gamet-Payrastre, L. (2018). Metabolic Effects of a Chronic Dietary Exposure to a Low-Dose Pesticide Cocktail in Mice: Sexual Dimorphism and Role of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor. Environmental health perspectives, 126(6), 067007. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2877