Gateway

Fludioxonil

General Information

• Product Names:

  Cannonball (Syngenta)
  Graduate (Syngenta)
  Hurricane (Syngenta) formulated with Metalaxyl-M
  Maixm (Syngenta)
  Medallion (Syngenta)
  Scholar (Syngenta)
  Sporgard (Lanxess)
  Tc 281 (Whitmire)
  EFOG-80 (Pace)
  Shield-brite (Pace)

• Chemical Class: Unclassified
• Uses: Fungicide
• Alternatives: Organic agriculture
• Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic

Health and Environmental Effects

• Cancer: Possible (1, 2)
• Endocrine Disruption: Likely (1, 3)
• Reproductive Effects: Possible (3)
• Neurotoxicity: Possible (4, 5)
• Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes (6)
• Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (6)
• Birth/Developmental: Possible (7, 8)
• Detected in Groundwater: Possible (9)
• Potential Leacher: Low (6)
• Toxic to Birds: Possible (10)
• Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes (6)
• Toxic to Bees: Yes (6)

Additional Information

• Supporting information:
  • PAN Pesticides Database:Fludioxonil (Pesticide Action Network)
• Studies [compiled from the Pesticide-Induced Diseases Database]
  • Effect of nonpersistent pesticides on estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.. Medjakovic S, Zoechling A, Gerster P, et al. 2014. Environ Toxicol. 29(10):1201-16
  • A Th2-type immune response and low-grade systemic inflammatory reaction as potential immunotoxic effects in intensive agriculture farmers exposed to pesticides . Lozano-Paniagua, D. et al. (2024) ‘A th2-type immune response and low-grade systemic inflammatory reaction as potential immunotoxic effects in intensive agriculture farmers exposed to pesticides’, Science of The Total Environment, 938, p. 173545. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173545.
  • Toxic and Behavioral Effects to Carabidae of Seed Treatments Used on Cry3Bb1- and Cry1Ab/c-Protected Corn. Christopher A. Mullin, Michael C. Saunders, Timothy W. Leslie, David J. Biddinger, Shelby J. Fleischer, Toxic and Behavioral Effects to Carabidae of Seed Treatments Used on Cry3Bb1- and Cry1Ab/c-Protected Corn, Environmental Entomology, Volume 34, Issue 6, 1 December 2005, Pages 1626–1636, https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-34.6.1626
  • A cumulative dietary pesticide exposure score based on produce consumption is associated with urinary pesticide biomarkers in a U.S. biomonitoring cohort. Temkin, A. et al. (2025) A cumulative dietary pesticide exposure score based on produce consumption is associated with urinary pesticide biomarkers in a U.S. biomonitoring cohort, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463925001361.
  • High temporal resolution pollen analysis: New insights into current-use pesticides distribution in agricultural landscapes. Cirelli, S. et al. (2026) High temporal resolution pollen analysis: New insights into current-use pesticides distribution in agricultural landscapes, Environmental Pollution. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749126007189.
  • Breakdown products of the fungicide Fludioxonil may account for observed environmental impact: potential implications for human health. Roelans, L., Brandhorst, T, Tonelli, M., Chiellini, G., and Porter, W. (2026) Breakdown products of the fungicide Fludioxonil may account for observed environmental impact: potential implications for human health, PeerJ. Available at: https://peerj.com/articles/21290/.
  • Genotoxicity of pesticide mixtures present in the diet of the French population. Graillot, V., Takakura, N., Hegarat, L. L., Fessard, V., Audebert, M., & Cravedi, J. P. (2012). Genotoxicity of pesticide mixtures present in the diet of the French population. Environmental and molecular mutagenesis, 53(3), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.21676
  • Assessment of pesticide contamination in pomegranates: A multivariate approach and health risk evaluation. Gormez E, Odabas E, Golge O, González-Curbelo MÁ, Kabak B. Assessment of pesticide contamination in pomegranates: A multivariate approach and health risk evaluation. Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2025 Jun;200:115363. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115363. PMID: 40032022.
  • Initial Survey of Pesticide Residues in Baby’s food and The Exceedances of Maximum Residual Limit (MRLs). Babalola, Oluwaseun & Raji, Ajoke. (2018). Initial Survey of Pesticide Residues in Baby’s food and The Exceedances of Maximum Residual Limit (MRLs). JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE. 5. 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0102).
  • Combined toxic effects of fludioxonil and triadimefon on embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Wang, Y., Xu, C., Wang, D., Weng, H., Yang, G., Guo, D., Yu, R., Wang, X., & Wang, Q. (2020). Combined toxic effects of fludioxonil and triadimefon on embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 260, 114105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114105
  • Toxic effects of fludioxonil on the growth, photosynthetic activity, oxidative stress, cell morphology, apoptosis, and metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris. Liu, Xiang & Wang, Xueting & Zhang, Fengwen & Yao, Xiangfeng & Qiao, Zhihua & Deng, Jiahui & Jiao, Qin & Gong, Luo & Jiang, Xingyin. (2022). Toxic effects of fludioxonil on the growth, photosynthetic activity, oxidative stress, cell morphology, apoptosis, and metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris. Science of The Total Environment. 838. 156069. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156069.
  • Structural elucidation and estimation of the acute toxicity of the major UV–visible photoproduct of fludioxonil – detection in both skin and flesh samples of grape. Lassalle, Y, Nicol, É, Genty, C, Bourcier, S, and Bouchonnet, S (2015), Structural elucidation and estimation of the acute toxicity of the major UV–visible photoproduct of fludioxonil – detection in both skin and flesh samples of grape. J. Mass Spectrom., 50, 864–869. doi: 10.1002/jms.3598.
  • Species Sensitivity Distributions of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Fludioxonil-Spiked Sediment Toxicity Tests. Sun, J., Xiao, P. F., Yin, X. H., Zhang, K., Zhu, G. N., & Brock, T. C. M. (2022). Species Sensitivity Distributions of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Fludioxonil-Spiked Sediment Toxicity Tests. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 82(4), 569–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00933-8
  • Effects of a fungicide formulation on embryo-larval development, metamorphosis, and gonadogenesis of the South American toad Rhinella arenarum. Svartz, G., Meijide, F., & Pérez Coll, C. (2016). Effects of a fungicide formulation on embryo-larval development, metamorphosis, and gonadogenesis of the South American toad Rhinella arenarum. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 45, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2016.05.008
  • Comparing the effects of fludioxonil on non-target soil invertebrates using ecotoxicological methods from single-species bioassays to model ecosystems. Haegerbaeumer, A., Raschke, R., Reiff, N., Traunspurger, W., & Höss, S. (2019). Comparing the effects of fludioxonil on non-target soil invertebrates using ecotoxicological methods from single-species bioassays to model ecosystems. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 183, 109596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109596
  • Exploring comprehensive toxic effects of fludioxonil on Caenorhabditis elegans. Choi, S., Jun, E., Lee, Y., & Kim, K. W. (2025). Exploring comprehensive toxic effects of fludioxonil on Caenorhabditis elegans. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 294, 117996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117996
  • Assessment of Potential Toxic Effects of Fungicide Fludioxonil on Human Cells and Aquatic Microorganisms. Antonopoulou, M., Tzamaria, A., Papas, S., Efthimiou, I., & Vlastos, D. (2025). Assessment of Potential Toxic Effects of Fungicide Fludioxonil on Human Cells and Aquatic Microorganisms. Toxics, 13(5), 358. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13050358
  • Phenylpyrrole fungicides act on triosephosphate isomerase to induce methylglyoxal stress and alter hybrid histidine kinase activity. Brandhorst, T. T., Kean, I. R. L., Lawry, S. M., Wiesner, D. L., & Klein, B. S. (2019). Phenylpyrrole fungicides act on triosephosphate isomerase to induce methylglyoxal stress and alter hybrid histidine kinase activity. Scientific reports, 9(1), 5047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41564-9