Beyond Pesticides

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Active Ingredient (factsheets)	Chemical Class	Uses and Alternatives	Our Rating	Health and Environment Effects	Regulatory Status	Supporting Information	Key Studies

2,4-D (see product names)	Phenoxy herbicide	Agriculture, lawns/ broadleaf	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (6/2005), Beyond Pesticides RED comments.	Asthma, Children & lawn chemicals, Safer Choice, NCAP, Extoxnet, PAN	Canine cancer, Pesticides in household dust
Abamectin (see product names)	Insecticide/ miticide		Toxic	See chart	not yet reviewed	Extoxnet, PAN
Acephate (see product names)	Organophosphate insecticide		Toxic	See chart	IRED signed (9/2001), Beyond Pesticides OP cumulative risk comments.	Extoxnet, PAN
Alachlor (see product names)	Acetanilide herbicide	Agriculture, ornamental/ grasses, broadleaf	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (9/1998).	Extoxnet, PAN
Aldicarb (see product names)	Carbamate insecticide	Agriculture	Toxic	See chart	RED scheduled for 9/2006.	Asthma, NCAP, Extoxnet, PAN	Learning Behavior (Porter)
Atrazine (see product names)	Triazine herbicide	Agriculture	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (4/2006), Beyond Pesticides risk assessment comments.	Asthma, Children & lawn chemicals, Safer Choice, NCAP, PAN	Endocrine drisruption and amphibian decline
Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt) (see product names)	Soil bacterium insecticide	Agriculture, mosquitoes	Least-toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/1997), Beyond Pesticides GMO BT crops comments.	Extoxnet, NCAP
Bendiocarb (see product names)	Carbamate insecticide	Phased out	Toxic	See chart	Voluntarily cancelled (09/1999).	Asthma, Extoxnet, PAN
Benomyl (see product names)	Fungicide	Phased out	Toxic	See chart	Voluntarily cancelled (10/01).	Extoxnet, PAN
Bensulide (see product names)	Organophosphate herbicide		Toxic	See chart	IRED signed (9/2000). Beyond Pesticides OP cumulative risk comments.	Asthma, Extoxnet, PAN
Boric Acid (see product names)	Boron compound	Residential insecticide, fungicide, herbicide.	Least-toxic	See chart	TRED scheduled for 6/2006.	NCAP, PAN	Boric Acid Outperforms Dursban in School IPM Program
Bromacil (see product names)	Substituted uracil herbicide	Agriculture, brush control	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (9/1996).	Extoxnet, PAN
Captan (see product names)	Chlorinated organosulfur fungicide	Agriculture, ornamental/ lawn, paint additive	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/1999). Cancer classification change comments.	Extoxnet, PAN
Carbaryl (see product names)	Carbamate insecticide	Agriculture, ornamental/ lawn, livestock, pets	Toxic	See chart	IRED signed (06/2003). Beyond Pesticides IRED comments and NRDC IRED comments.	Asthma, Poisoning Our Pets, Extoxnet, NCAP, PAN
Chlorothalonil (see product names)	Organochlorine fungicide	Agriculture, ornamental/ lawn, adhesive and grout additive	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/1998). NY tolerance petition.	Asthma, Extoxnet, NCAP, PAN
Chlorpyrifos (see product names)	Organophosphate insecticide	Agriculture, non-residential buildings	Toxic	See chart	EPA and Dow agreed to stop the sale of most residential uses because of health risks to children. IRED signed (09/2001). Beyond Pesticides Revised Risk Assessment comments.	Asthma, Phase-Out Analysis (LowDown on Dursban), Dursban Alternatives, Safer Choice, Extoxnet, NCAP, PAN	School pesticide poisonings (JAMA), Chlorpyrifos associated birth defects (Sherman).
Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) (see product names)	Inorganic arsenical wood preservative	Wood preservative	Toxic	See chart	No longer be used, except industrial uses (1/2004). Existing residential structures not affected. Docket. Beyond Pesticides comments.	Wood preservatives campaign, NCAP, PAN
Clopyralid (see product names)	Herbicide	Agriculture, ornamental/ lawn, pasture, rights-of-way.	Toxic	See chart	not reviewed	Safer Choice, NCAP. WA State DOT, PAN
Cyfluthrin (see product names) see also Synthetic Pyrethroids	Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide	Agriculture, food handling, mosquitoes	Toxic	See chart	not reviewed	Asthma, Extoxnet, NCAP, PAN	Common pesticide poisons homes
Cypermethrin (see product names) see also Synthetic Pyrethroids	Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide	Agriculture, Residential	Toxic	See chart	RED scheduled for 5/2006.	Asthma, NCAP, Extoxnet, PAN	Common pesticide poisons homes
Dacthal (DCPA) (see product names)	phthalate pre-emergent herbicide	Agriculture, ornamental/ lawn	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/1995)	NCAP, Extoxnet, PAN
DEET (see product names)	Aromatic amide insecticide	Insect repellent	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (04/1998)	Extoxnet, NPTN, NCAP, Synergy, The Truth About WNV, Mosquito-borne illness campaign page, PAN	DEET and permethrin synergy
Diazinon (see product names)	Organophosphate insecticide	Agriculture	Toxic	See chart	IRED signed (08/2002), Most residential uses phased-out (12/2002), Revised risk assessment comments, Phaseout press release	Asthma, Water, Extoxnet, NCAP, PAN-UK, EWG, NPIC, ABC birds, PAN
Dicamba (see product names)	benzoic acid herbicide	Agriculture, Turf	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (06/2006).	Asthma, Extoxnet, NCAP, CHEC, NPIC, PAN	Carpet dust study, Learning Behavior (Porter)
Dichlorvos (DDVP) (see product names)	Organophosphate insecticide	Food storage, green houses, barns, livestock; Pest strips in homes, Flea control on pets	Toxic	See chart	IRED signed (06/2006). Beyond Pesticides OP cumulative risk comments.	PAN-UK, Extoxnet, PAN
Diflubenzuron (see product names)	Benzoylphenyl ureainsecticide	Agriculture, Forestry, and Ornamentals	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (06/1997)	Extoxnet, FAN, PAN
Diquat Dibromide (see product names)	Bipyridylium herbicide and dessicant	Agriculture, ornamental/ lawn	Toxic	See chart	TRED signed (04/2002)	Extoxnet, PAN
Disodium Methanear- sonate (DSMA) (see product names)	Arsenical herbicide	Agriculture, ornamental/ lawn	Toxic	See chart	RED posted August 2006; Comments Accepted through October 10, 2006.	CHEC, PAN
Endothall (see product names)	Dicarboxylic acid herbicide	Aquatic weeds, Agriculture	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/2005).	Extoxnet, PAN
Fenoxycarb (see product names)	Carbamate insecticide	Agriculture, Residential, Mosquitoes	Toxic	See chart	not reviewed	Asthma, Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN
Fenthion (see product names)	Organophosphate insecticide	Mosquitoes (Florida only)	Toxic	See chart	IRED online. Beyond Pesticides OP cumulative risk comments.	Asthma, Extoxnet, ABC birds, Scorecard, Defenders of Wildlife, PAN
Fenvalerate (see product names)	Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide	No registered uses	Toxic	See chart	This chemical was voluntarily cancelled by the registrant.	Asthma, Scorecard, PMEP, PAN	Health Effects of Pesticides Used for Mosquito Control
Fipronil (see product names)	Phenyl pyrazole insecticide	Residential baits and gels, Golf courses, Agriculture.	Toxic	See chart	Not yet reviewed	NCAP, NPIC, PAN-UK, CHEC, PAN
Fluvalinate (see product names)	Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide	Non-food Agriculture, ornamentals	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/2005)	Asthma, Extoxnet, Scorecard, FAN, PAN
Fosamine Ammonium (see product names)	Herbicide	Rights-of-way, industrial sites, fencerows	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (12/1994). Not registered in CA , AZ.	PMEP, PAN, Scorecard
Glyphosate (see product names)	Phosphanoglycine herbicide	Agriculture, ornamental/ lawn, greenhouses, forestry, rights-of-way	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/1993).	Asthma, Children & lawn chemicals, GMO factsheet, Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN-UK, NCAP, CHEC, PAN	Learning Behavior (Porter), Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Pesticides, (American Cancer Society)
Hexaflumuron (see product names)	Benzoylurea insecticide	Termite baits	Toxic	See chart	Not reviewed	FAN, NPIC, NCAP, PAN
Imidacloprid (see product names)	Chloro-nicotinyl insecticide	Agriculture	Toxic	See chart	Not reviewed	Extoxnet, PAN-UK, NCAP, NPIC, PAN
Isofenphos (see product names)	Organophosphate insecticide	Historically: Agriculture, Golf courses, Residential. All uses cancelled.	Toxic	See chart	Tolerances revoked and registrations cancelled. (05/1999). Beyond Pesticides OP cumulative risk comments	Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN
Isoxaben (see product names)	Amide herbicide	Rights-of-way, landscape, nurseries.	Toxic	See chart	Not reviewed	PAN
Lambda-Cyhalothrin (see product names)	Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide	Agriculture, Residential, Mosquitoes	Toxic	See chart	Not reviewed	Asthma, Extoxnet, NPIC, FAN, PAN	Pyrethroids in CA Central Valley
Lindane (see product names)	Organochlorine insecticide	Head lice	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (7/2002) and RED Addendum signed (07/2006). NGO comments.	Extoxnet, PANNA, PAN	Reproductive failure and fetotoxicity in mice
Malathion (see product names)	Organophosphate insecticide	Agriculture, Outdoor residential, Head lice, Mosquitoes	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (07/2006). Comments: BP preliminary risk assessment, NRDC and friends Mrevised human health risk assessment, Beyond Pesticides OP cumulative risk comments	Asthma, Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN, ABC birds, CHEC, NCAP	School pesticide poisonings (JAMA), Carpet dust study
Maneb (see product names)	Ethylene bisdithiocarbamate fungicide	Agriculture, Nurseries/ greenhouses	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (08/2005)	Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN
MCPA (see product names)	Phenoxy Herbicide	Agriculture/ pasture, Lawns, Rights-of-way, Forestry	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/2004)	Extoxnet, PAN
Mecoprop (MCPP) (see product names)	Chlorophenoxy herbicide	Landscapes, Rights-of-way	Toxic	See chart	RED scheduled for 9/2007	Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN, NCAP
Metam Sodium (see product names)	Methyldithio- carbamate soil fumigant	Agriculture, ornamental/ lawn, flower nursery	Toxic	See chart	RED scheduled for 4/2007	PAN, NCAP
Methoprene (see product names)	Insect growth regulator biochemical insecticide	Mosquitoes, Agriculture, Fleas	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (03/1991)	Extoxnet, PAN	Hindlimb deformities (Oulette, 1997)
Methoxychlor (see product names)	Organochlorine insecticide	No registered uses	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (06/2004)	Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN
Mevinphos (see product names)	Organophosphate insecticide	No registered uses	Toxic	See chart	TRED signed (12/2000). Beyond Pesticides OP cumulative risk comments	Extoxnet, PAN, Scorecard
Monosodium Methanear- sonate (MSMA) (see product names)	Arsenical herbicide	Lawn/ ornamental	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (8/2006)	PAN
Naphthalene (see product names)	Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)	Household fumigant/ Mothballs, Soil fumigants/ agriculture, animal repellent.	Toxic	See chart	RED scheduled for 3/2008.	EWG body burden, Scorecard, PAN	Naphthalene and cancer, Naphthalene and reduced fertility
Oryzalin (see product names)	Dinitroaniline sulfonamide herbicide	Agriculture, ornamental/ lawn, Golf courses, Christmas trees, Rights-of-way.	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/1994).	Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN, NCAP
Paraquat/ Paraquat Dichloride (see product names)	Quaternary nitrogen herbicide	Agriculture, Non-agriculural commercial weed control	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (08/1997).	PAN-UK, Extoxnet, Scorecard	Paraquat and Parkinsons Disease
Parathion/ Ethyl Parathion (see product names)	Organophosphate insecticide	Agriculture	Toxic	See chart	60-Day public participation period for risk management completed (05/2000).	Extoxnet, ABC birds, PAN
PCNB (Quintozene, Pentachloro-nitrobenzene) (see product names)	Organochlorine fungicide	Cole crops, ornamental bulbs for commercial production, seed treatments	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (07/2006).	Scorecard, Extoxnet, PAN
PDCB (Para-dichloro-benzene) (see product names)	Chlorophenol compound	Mothballs and deodorizers, miticide for pet birds, rodent repellent	Toxic	See chart	Not yet reviewed.	Scorecard, PMEP, CHEC, ATSDR
Pendimethalin (see product names)	Dinitroaniline herbicide	Agriculture, ornamental/ lawn	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (04/1997).	Scorecard, PAN, Extoxnet
Penta- chlorophenol (see product names)	Chlorophenol compound	Wood Preservative	Toxic	See chart	RED scheduled for 9/2005. Beyond Pesticides comments on PRA, Beyond Pesticides response to RED.	W ood preservatives campaign, NCAP, Scorecard, Extoxnet, EWG Body Burden, WA Toxics , PANNA
Permethrin (see product names) see also Synthetic Pyrethroids	Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide	Agriculture, Residential, Mosquitoes	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (04/2006). Beyond Pesticides comments on RED, BP comments on Risk Assessment.	Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN, CHEC, NCAP	Synergistic effects with DEET (Abou-Donia)
Phenothrin (see product names) see also Synthetic Pyrethroids	Synthetic pyrethroid	Residential, Mosquitoes, ornamental/ lawn, Rights-of-way	Toxic	See chart	Not yet reviewed.	PAN, Scorecard
Picloram (see product names)	Pyridine compound herbicide	Rights-of-way, rangeland and pastures, forestry, Agriculture.	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (03/1995).	Safer Choice, Montana's War on Weeds, Extoxnet, scorecard, PAN, NCAP
Piperonyl Butoxide	Pesticide synergist	Agriculture, Residential, Mosquitoes, Ornamental/ lawn	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (06/2006)	Asthma, Scorecard, PAN	Impacts on brain activity
Pronamide/ Propyzamide (see product names)	Herbicide	Agriculture, Ornamental/ lawn, Christmas trees	Toxic	See chart	TRED signed (08/2002).	Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN
Propetamphos (see product names)	Organophosphate insecticide	Residential/ commercial ants, cockroaches, fleas, and termites	Toxic	See chart	IRED signed (12/2000). Beyond Pesticides OP cumulative risk comments.	Asthma, Scorecard, Extoxnet, PAN
Propoxur (see product names)	Carbamate insecticide	Residential/ commercial ants, roaches, and hornets	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/1997)	Asthma, Extoxnet, PAN, Scorecard, EWG Body Burden	Carpet dust study
Pyrethrins (see product names) see Synthetic Pyrethroids	Pyrethrin insecticide	Agriculture, livestock treatments, buildings and storage areas, Mosquitoes	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (06/2006). Beyond Pesticides Pyrethrins RED comments.	Asthma, Extoxnet, PAN, NCAP, Sscorecard	School pesticide poisonings (JAMA)
Rotenone (see product names)	Botanical insecticde	Residential, Agriculture, livestock treatments, and Aquatic pest management	Toxic	See chart	RED scheduled for 5/2006	Extoxnet, PAN, Scorecard, PAN-UK	Rotenone and Parkinson's disease
Sabadilla (see product names)	Botanical insecticde	Agriculture	Least-toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/2004)	PAN, Scorecard
Siduron (see product names)	Urea derivative herbicide	Turf, Ornamental/ lawn, Rights-of-way.	Least-toxic	See chart	RED scheduled for 6/2008	Scorecard, PAN
Sulfur (see product names)	Fungicide, miticide, insecticide, rodenticide	Agriculture, Ornamental/ lawn, Residential	Least-toxic	See chart	RED signed (03/1991)	PAN, Extoxnet
Sulfuryl Fluoride (see product names)	Fungicide, Insecticide, Rodenticide	Fumigate residential and industrial closed spaces and contents for a variety of targets	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/1993), Beyond Pesticides petition to cancel tolderances, comments on tolerances	Safer Choice, Extoxnet, PAN, NCAP, Scorecard, Fluoride Action Network
Tetramethrin (see product names) see Synthetic Pyrethroids	Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide	Residential, Rights-of-way, Mosquitoes	Toxic	See chart	RED scheduled for 9/2008	Asthma, Scorecard, PAN	Asthma linked to tetramethrin, Carpet dust study
Thiram (see product names)	Dimethyl dithiocarbamate fungicide, animal repellant	Agriculture, Golf courses	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/2004)	Extoxnet, PAN, Scorecard
Triadimefon (see product names)	Triazole fungicide	Agriculture, Christmas trees, Ornamental/ lawn, Turf	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (08/2006). Most uses canceled in 2006.	Extoxnet, PAN
Trichlorfon (see product names)	Organophosphate insecticide	Golf courses, Ornamental/ lawn, non-food contact areas of processing plants, fish ponds	Toxic	See chart	TRED signed (09/2001) Beyond Pesticides OP cumulative risk comments.	Asthma, Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN
Triclopyr (see product names)	Pyridine compound herbicide	Rights-of-way, pasture and rangelands, forests, Agriculture, Ornamental/ lawn.	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/1997)	Safer Choice, Extoxnet, NCAP, PAN, Scorecard
triclosan (see product names)	Chlorinated phenol biocide	Consumer products, soaps, plastics, toothpastes, etc.	Toxic	See chart	RED scheduled for 9/2007. Public interest petition.	Water, PAN, Scorecard
Trifluralin (see product names)	Dinitroaniline compound herbicide	Agriculture, Ornamentals	Toxic	See chart	TRED signed (08/2004).	Extoxnet, Scorecard, PAN-UK, PAN, FAN
Ziram (see product names)	Dithiocarbamate fungicide	Agriculture, Ornamentals, latex paints.	Toxic	See chart	RED signed (09/2003).	Extoxnet, PAN, Scorecard