Gateway Health and Environmental Effects Citations
1 EPA weight-of evidence category, "not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity", usually due to inadequate data.US EPA, 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential. May 10, 2005.
2 EPA weight-of evidence category, "evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans."US EPA, 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential. May 10, 2005.
3 International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC) category, the agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
4 Extension Toxicology Network (EXTOXNET) Pesticide Information Profiles. http://extoxnet.orst.edu/ghindex.html.
5 Illinois EPA, Endocrine Disruptors Strategy, February 1997.
6 Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides (NCAP), Pesticide Factsheets. http://www.pesticide.org/factsheets.html#pesticides.
7 Beyond Pesticides ChemWatch Factsheets. (Cited under factsheets on Beyond Pesticides Gateway)
8 US EPA, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs), Interim REDS (iREDs) and RED Factsheets. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm.
9 Picloram causes birth defects when used in combination with 2,4-D (as is common in formulations), according to Reference #3.
10 EPA weight-of-evidence category, "possible human carcinogen." US EPA, 2004. Office of Pesticide Programs. List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential. July 29, 2004.
11 US EPA, 2000. Table 1: Toxicity Data by Category for Chemicals Listed under EPCRA Section 313. Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Program. http://www.epa.gov/tri/chemical/hazard_categories.pdf.
12 EPA weight-of-evidence category, "Likely to be carcinogenic to humans (high does); Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans (low doses)." US EPA, 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential. May 10, 2005.
13 Frazier, L. and M.L. Hage. 2001. Reproductive Hazards of the Workplace. Europe: Wiley. Table 10: Partial List of Reproductive Toxins. http://www.biosci.osu.edu/safety/CHP/Tables2001/Table10-11-00.pdf.
14 Environmental Defense Fund, Scorecard Database. http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/.
15 EPA weight-of-evidence category, "Group B2 – Probable Human Carcinogen." US EPA, 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential. May 10, 2005.
16 EPA weight-of-evidence category, "Likely to be carcinogenic to humans." US EPA, 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential. May 10, 2005.
17 New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Right to Know Hazardous Substances Fact Sheets. Available online at http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/rtkweb/rtkhsfs.htm.
18 Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, and H.C. Hodge. 1984. Clinical Toxicology of Commerical Products, 5th edition. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.
19 Tew, J.E. 1996. Protecting Honeybees from Pesticides. Ohio State University Cooperative Extension. http://beelab.osu.edu/factsheets/sheets/2161.html.
20 Briggs, S.A. 1992. Basic Guide to Pesticides: Their Characteristics and Hazards. Washington, DC: The Rachel Carson Council, 98.
21 California Environmental Protection Agency, March 2005. Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. http://www.oehha.org/prop65/prop65_list/files/P65single3405.pdf.
22 US EPA, 1998. Hazard Assessment of the Organophosphates. Hazard ID Committee Report. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/hazidrpt.pdf
23 US EPA, 1995. Monosodium Methanearsonate and Disodium Methanearsonate; Toxic Chemical Release Reporting; Community Right-to-Know. Federal Register Environmental Documents. http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-TRI/1995/April/Day-20/pr-13.html.
24 US EPA. Integrated Risk Information System Database. http://www.epa.gov/iris/.
25 The Pesticide Management Education Program at Cornell University. Pesticide Active Ingredient Information. http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/index.html.
26 EPA weight-of-evidence category, "Suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential." US EPA, 2005. Office of Pesticide Programs. List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential. May 10, 2005.
27 National Library of Medicine. TOXNET Hazardous Substances Database. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB.
28 Colborn, T., et al. 1994. Developmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Wildlife and Humans. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 14:469-489.
29 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. ToxFAQs. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html.
30 Colborn, T., D. Dumanoski, and J.P. Myers. 1996. Our Stolen Future: Are We Threatening Our Fertility, Intelligence, and Survival? New York: Dutton. http://ourstolenfuture.org/Basics/chemlist.htm
31 Feldman, J. and T. Shistar. 1997. Poison Poles: A Report About their toxic trail and the safer alternatives. National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides. http://www.beyondpesticides.org/wood/pubs/poisonpoles/index.html.
32 Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR), Endosulfan- Risk Characterization Document. California Environmental Protection Agency, 2007.